Nathaniel Alexander, Inventor of a Folding Chair

Nathaniel Alexander, Inventor of a Folding Chair On July 7, 1911, an African-American man named Nathaniel Alexander of Lynchburg, Virginia protected a lawn seat. As indicated by his patent, Nathaniel Alexander planned his seat to be utilized in schools, holy places, and different amphitheaters. His plan incorporated a book rest that was usable for the individual sitting in the seat behind and was perfect for chapel or ensemble use.​ Quick Facts: Nathaniel Alexander Known For: African-American patent holder for a collapsing chairBorn: UnknownParents: UnknownDied: UnknownPublished Works: Patent 997,108, documented March 10, 1911, and conceded July 4 that year Minimal Biographical Data Alexanders development is found on numerous rundowns for dark American designers. Notwithstanding, he has avoided having a lot of true to life data thought about him. What can be found mistakes him for an early legislative head of the province of North Carolina, who was not a dark American. One says he was conceived in the mid 1800s in North Carolina and kicked the bucket quite a few years before the date of the patent of the lawn seat. Another, which is composed as parody, says he was brought into the world a similar year as the patent was given. These appear to be clearly mistaken. Patent 997108 is the main innovation on record for Nathaniel Alexander, yet on March 10, 1911, his application was seen by two individuals: James R.L. Diggs and C.A. Lindsay. James R.L. Diggs was a Baptist serve from Baltimore (conceived in 1865), who was an individual from the Niagara Movement, and holder of a MA from Bucknell University and a PhD in Sociology from Illinois Wasleyan in 1906 indeed, Diggs was the main African-American to hold a Sociology Ph.D. in the United States. The Niagara Movement was a dark social equality development drove by W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter, who gathered in Niagara Falls, Ontario (American inns banned blacks), to examine Jim Crow laws following the Reconstruction. They met yearly somewhere in the range of 1905 and 1910: in the middle of 1909 and 1918, Diggs related with DuBois about a potential history of the development, in addition to other things. There may have just been a passing association among Alexander and Diggs. Foldable Chairs for Churches and Choirs Alexanders collapsing seat isn't the main lawn seat patent in the United States. His development was that it incorporated a book rest, making it appropriate for use in places where the rear of one seat could be utilized as a work area or rack by the individual situated behind. This would surely be helpful when setting up columns of seats for ensembles, so they could lay music on the seat in front of every artist, or for houses of worship where a supplication book, hymn book, or Bible could be put on the perusing rack during the administration. Collapsing seats permit the space to be utilized for different purposes when there isn't a class or community gathering. Today, numerous assemblages meet in spaces that used to be huge enormous box stores, general stores, or other huge, huge rooms, Using collapsing seats set up just during administrations, they can rapidly transform the space into a congregation. In the early piece of the twentieth century, assemblies in like manner may have met outside, in stockrooms, horse shelters, or different spaces that didnt have fixed seating or seats. Prior Folding Chair Patents Collapsing seats have been being used for a huge number of years in numerous societies, including old Egypt and Rome. They were even normally utilized in holy places as ritualistic furniture in the Middle Ages. Here are some different licenses for collapsing seats that were conceded preceding that of Nathaniel Alexander: M.S. Sea shore of Brooklyn, New York licensed a lawn seat for seats, U.S. Patent No. 18377 on October 13, 1857. Be that as it may, this plan seems, by all accounts, to be a drop-down seat, for example, a plane hop seat as opposed to a seat you can crease, stack, and store away.J.P.A. Spaet, W.F. Berry and J.T. Snoddy of Mount Pleasant, Iowa were conceded U.S. Patent No. 383255 on May 22,â 1888, for a lawn seat intended to look a lot of like a standard seat when being used. It could be collapsed up to be put away and spare space.C. F. Batt licensed a lawn seat for liners on June 4, 1889, U.S. Patent No. 404,589. Batts patent notes that he was looking for enhancements for longstanding lawn seat plans, particularly abstaining from having a pivot along the edge arms that can squeeze your fingers when collapsing or unfurling the seat. Sources Alexander, Nathaniel. Seat. Patent 997108. 1911.Batt, C.F. Collapsing Chair. Patent 383255. 1888.Beach, M.S. Scorch. Patent 18377. 1857.Pipkin, James Jefferson. James R.L. Diggs. The Negro in Revelation, in History and in Citizenship: What the Race has Done and is Doing. St. Louis: N.D. Thompson Publishing Company, 1902Spaet, J.P.A., W. F. Berry and J.T. Snoddy. Collapsing Chair for Steamers. Patent 404,589. 1889.WEB DuBois Correspondence with J.R.L. Diggs, Special Collections, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Bramante and the Aesthetics of High Renaissance Free Essays

Theory: Bramante an Italian draftsman and painter whose work based on the old style of the people of old (www. wga. hu/index_co. We will compose a custom article test on Bramante and the Esthetics of High Renaissance or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now html). Since Bramante is likewise attributee to the drawing of The Interior of the Church(www. wga. hu/index_co. html) The etching was finished by Bernado Prevedari. (www. wga. hu/index_co. html). Proceeding to examine the Church of Santa Maria, Bramante added the tribune to east finish of the enormous church. The congregation was recently worked in Gothic style in 1463, yet was later torn down and Replaced by a Renaissance structure, to house the tombs if the Sforza Dynasty. We will likewise take a gander at different works and the similarity to these works by Donato Bramante. Bramante or Bramante Lazzari an Italian painte and designer was conceived in July 1444. He was conceived at the Monte Asdruvaldo in Urbino,(www. nndb. com/individuals/700/000084448). As a kid Bramante indicated an incredible preference for drawing and he was put under the tutuledge of Fra Bartemmeo likewise called Fra Carnavale. Bramante was before long consumed by design and concentrated under Scirro Scirri, an archtect in his local spot just as under other ace. Bramante set from Urbino executing works of differing sizes as he continued through a few of Lombardy. (www. nndb. com). Bramante at last arrived at the city of Milan in Rome where he was pulled in by the distinction of the incomparable Duomo. While in Milan Bramante gave himself to the investigation of antiquated structures, both in the city and as far south as Naples (www. nndb. com). Bramante was dispatched by the Cardinal Caraffa to revamp the group of the Convent della Pace. The Cardinal at that point acquainted Bramante with Pope Alexander VI. Bramante at that point executed for the Pope the Palace of the Cancelleria or Chancery. (www. nndb. com). Bramante was one of the most significant modelers of the ecclesiastical court. This originates from the work he accomplished for Pope Alexander VI and under Pope Julius II, Bramante embraced the update of the Vatican Palaces around the Belevedere yard. (lib-workmanship. com/artgallery/755-donato-bramante. html). The repositioned fresco of Men at Arms and the wood board Christ at the Column are at The Bera Gallery Houses. The Christ at the Column is the main painting that can be credited to Bramante. (www. lib-workmanship. com). Bramante’s work again can be seen at the Sforza Castle which contains Bramante’s emblematic fresco Argus which he painted with Brammantino. (www. lib-workmanship. com). The greater part of Bramante’s workmanship is ascribed to his design in the Church of Santa Maria. Bramante is ascribed with the tribune, the outside of the church,the outside of the congregation just as the inside of the ensemble. In spite of the fact that there is no record that associates Bramante’s name with the current apse, transept, crossing,and vault they are ascribed to him affected by Leonardo da Vinci whose radical structural thoughts they speak to. (www. lib-craftsmanship. com). Bramante executed various littler works at Bologna and Rome, among these littler works which are uncommonly referenced by more seasoned journalists, the house of San Pietro a Moontario. Bramante participated in the best structural undertaking at any point endeavored it was the modifying of St. Peter’s. This was done under the request for Pope Julius II and Bramamte’s configuration were finished and was pushed so quick that the four extraordinary columns and their curves were finished before his passing in 1514. (www. answers. com/subject/donato-bramante). Bramante was known for the traditional style engineering. His work canvases just as engineering spoke to his old style considerations just as his way of thinking. (www. artcyclopedia. com). Bramante not exclusively did compositions he specialzed in design. One of his first showstoppers was the Tempietto, sits in the coutyard in Montorio. Bramante worked from an authentic typology. www. wga. hu/index_co. html). As you take a gander at Bramante’s works, for example, The Tempietto, His work on the Church of Santa Maria just as The Piazzo Ducale, (www. lib-craftsmanship. com), we see the engineering components known to Bramante, these components recognize an obligation to traditional structures. Taking everything into ac count we see that Bramante had a talent for workmanship whether it was in a painting, for example, Christ at the Column, Heraclitus and Democritus to the columns and segments of the Church of Santa Maria or the Church of St. Subside. Bramante and his traditional style of architectue impacted different painters and draftsmen. References: Library of Art-lib: lib-art.com Answers.com/subject/donato-bramante Web Gallery Art www.wga.hu/list co.html Gardener’s Art through the Ages The most effective method to refer to Bramante and the Esthetics of High Renaissance, Papers

Environmentally Essay Topics

Environmentally Essay TopicsThere are some great environmental essay topics to help you become a better writer. The topic should touch on different aspects of your life and it must be something that will interest your audience. A good writing sample is a plus but even if you cannot get one it is not a bad idea to research some great topics that you can use. For example, you may want to write about someone who was greatly affected by the environment and helped change it for the better.Environmental essay topics can be used in school or you can write them about yourself. These are topics that will interest readers and they will also give you ideas on how to write your own writing sample and a title for your essay. In either case you will find that these topics are great for writing a paper.Some of the most interesting environmental essay topics can be used to show compassion and your thinking process. Sometimes when we write things down, we do not think clearly so the writing sample ne eds to be fun and exciting so that you can get all of your thoughts across. Not everyone likes poetry and there is no point in writing something that will never be read.When you are writing essay topics for this reason, remember that you do not have to write it down. You can use it as a basis for your own essay and then see what it will look like when you put it all together. Remember that the idea is to learn how to write something and this should be no different.There are several good places to find environmental essay topics and one of the best places is the internet. You can also find essays online which you can use to get ideas for your paper. Also, there are many topics on topics such as eco-design, environmental law, ecological awareness and other types of topics related to the environment. This will also help you learn more about the environment and how it affects you.Once you have chosen a topic, you can then move onto writing an essay on the environmental issue. This is ve ry important as you can either write an entire essay about the issue or you can just write a part. This is something that is very important as an essay about the environment is the first chance a reader gets to read about your thoughts on the subject.You can learn how to write about environmental issues and the environment from teachers or professors at college and universities but you can also learn how to write your own essay by taking the next step and writing a paper based on your own environmental essay topics. You will need to use a variety of resources such as online books and websites. Another good thing about this is that you can practice before you go and write the essay. This will help you develop your skills and feel confident about writing the essay.Environmental essay topics are very interesting and you will learn a lot when you write about them. Do not think you have to use the topic of the environment to write an essay but it is a good topic to use as a foundation fo r your essay. Using this kind of topic will help you learn about topics such as human rights, free speech and other issues and you will even find a great writing sample that you can use as a basis for your essay.

Economic Development Of The Asian Tigers Essay - 835 Words

Introduction: The following countries South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong also commonly known as Asian Tigers were considered to be a part of the third world. Two different Scholars (Harvey and Lee) rather unkindly refer to it as â€Å"economic backwardness† yet the Tigers still stand as rare examples of states which have successfully â€Å"developed† in a manner no one could have predicted fifty years ago and at a considerably faster rate than any of our current efforts at third world development seem to be proceeding. Discussion: How Economists this about Economic Growth: Before examining the economic development of the Asian Tigers, it is important to identify the theoretical framework in which they might sit. Models for economic development are as varied as there are development economists, but at the risk of sacrificing diversity for ease of analysis we can broadly identify three distinctive models. These three models are less cohesive blueprints and more categories of development policy broadly derived from neo-liberal, Keynesian and heterodox economic traditions respectively, which for our purposes we can identify as market led, interventionalist and state-led models for economic growth. The Case Study of successful state led development: 1. South Korea: In 1945, South Korea was finally made independent from Japanese rule, only to be placed immediately under the USA military occupation. The long awaited autonomy it achieved was rapidly overshadowed by the Korean WarShow MoreRelatedAsian Tigers Vs. South Korea1473 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The Asian tigers are four countries named Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. These states were highly developed countries. These countries were the first states that shifted to industrialization. All the four Asian tigers have a lot of people who are very educated and are perfect in undertaking their tasks. These countries developed and implemented different policies and this result in economic prosperity and tried to do them than any other state. For instance, Hong KongRead More‘The global economy has moved on from the Asian Tigers; the present and the future of the global economy now lie elsewhere.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? (40 marks)1421 Words   |  6 Pages‘The global economy has moved on from the Asian Tigers; the present and the future of the global economy now lie elsewhere.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? (40 marks) The Asian Tigers, consisting of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, were the second group of countries to develop after World War II, with the first being Japan. The Asian Tigers were able to develop due to a combination of comparative advantages, including partially existing developed levels of infrastructureRead MoreAsian Tigers Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ It is evident that the global economy has moved on from the Asian Tigers and the present and future of the global economy does in fact lie elsewhere, in particular India and China.   The Asian Tigers are a group of countries which are the first set of NIC s; Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea. They underwent rapid development in the 1960 s by encouraging TNC s to invest by opening up manufacturing plants by offering cheap labour and less strict pollution laws. TNC s also had the advantageRead MoreThe World Regional Geography Textbook1151 Words   |  5 Pagesinterregional and worldwide linkages and the changes these linkages are bringing about (pg. 30). Globalization has had a mainly positive impact on people around the world, however there have also been negative impacts, too. It affects the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of the world positively and negatively. Politically, globalization started mostly because of colonization which also helped shape the world today. The positive side of colonization is that many countries and regionsRead MoreThe Asian Financial Crisis and Thailand: Catalyst for Change...or More of The Same? 1647 Words   |  7 Pagessustaining rapid economic growth. What took Europe almost a century, the East Asian tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) and the newly industrializing economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand) accomplished in a matter of decades, which led many to believe in an East Asian miracle. However, in 1997 Thailand became the first country swept into an economic crisis that spread throughout the region within months. Why did Thailand unexpectedly fall into a rapid economic crisis and howRead MoreEast Asian Tigers2075 Words   |  9 PagesAssignment 3 British English Can one tame a tiger? - The extensive growth of South East Asian Economies - Introduction A tiger economy is a name given to a region or country which undergoes a heavy and fast economic growth. This usually also leads to rising living standards. This term was first applied to South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Since the 1960s, these four countries are known as the East Asian Tigers. Later on more Tiger Economies emerged, but this essay will focusRead MoreAsian Rim Region Report : Geography And Demography1010 Words   |  5 PagesPacific Ocean.(Wojtan, Linda S.) The Pacific Rim roughly overlaps with the geologic Pacific Ring of Fire. This region report is focusing on the East Asia, and Southeast Asia, or Asian Pacific. East Asia can be defined either in geographical and cultural. Geographically, it covers about 12,000,000 km2, or about 28% of the Asian continent, about 15% bigger than the area of Europe. East Asia is one of the world s most populated places, with more than 1.5 billion people, about 38% of the population ofRead MoreAmy Chuas The Battle Hymn Of Tiger Mother1573 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication skills, having intuition, and so much more. Everyone has a different sense as to how they demonstrate leadership; whether it be within the household, the workplace, or even in politics; we see it everywhere. In Amy Chua’s, The Battle Hymn of Tiger Mother, she demonstrates her leadership qualities throughout her book in to how she chooses to raise her children vs. â€Å"western-style† of parenting. She takes on a very authoritarian style of parenting to which she demands arguably almost impossibleRead MoreThe United States Foreign Aid to Developing Countries: A Research Report16 79 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ideas of the Enlightenment: equality, opportunity, and universal-brotherhood. The U.S. is currently the worlds leader in foreign aid to developing countries. It gives foreign aid to such countries in order to promote political stability and economic prosperity, a natural interest for any global hegemon. This aid comes in the form of money, food, humanitarian work, and military assistance. The countries who receive the foreign aid certainly need assistance, but do not always use the aid wiselyRead More Asian Crisis Essay examples746 Words   |  3 Pagesdeclines in the currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices of a number of Asian countries. It is hard to understand what these declines will actually do to the world market. This decline is expected to halve the rate of world growth in 1998 from the four percent that was projected pre-crisis to an estimated outcome of about 2 percent. The countries that are included in the East Asian crisis, known as quot;Tigerquot; economies, are Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines

The Age Of Transition Of The United States - 1874 Words

The Age of Transition: From Jefferson to Hamilton Although Thomas Jefferson swept the election of 1800 and witnessed the collapse of the Federalist Party in 1812, it was Alexander Hamilton’s political and economic views which proved predominant in the subsequent 19th century. The expansion of capitalism and industrialization– the development of new railroads, canals, and manufacturing factories in the North– not only contributed to the end of Thomas Jefferson’s Agrarian Yeoman era, but ultimately proved crucial to the Union’s victory during the Civil War. Nevertheless, by no means had Thomas Jefferson’s views vanished from the political landscape of the United States by 1865. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Indian Removal Acts in 1830, and Homestead Acts in 1862 were all early examples of Jefferson’s geopolitical vision for territorial expansion. By comparing the advancement of territorial expansion, development of a capitalist economy , and democratization of society and politics, this paper posits that although Thomas Jefferson’s geopolitical views were still present in the political landscape by the late nineteenth century, it was Hamilton’s economic and political views which were prevalent. From the beginning, the two men harbored different visions for the territorial expansion of the United States. Jefferson viewed territorial expansion as a means of providing lands for independent agrarian families, whereas Hamilton sought expansion as an opportunity to bolster theShow MoreRelatedThe United States Transition From Age Of Sail1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Transition from â€Å"Age of Sail† to Steam and Steel Navy William Hunt, the secretary of the Navy in 1881, once wrote: â€Å"the conditions of the Navy imperatively demand the prompt and earnest attention of Congress. Unless some action be had in its behalf it must soon dwindle into insignificance.† Without technology advancements or change, the Navy would soon fall apart. The â€Å"Age of Sail† lasted from about the sixteenth century through the mid-nineteenth century. It was a time in whichRead MoreEssay on Population Demographics1330 Words   |  6 Pages 1.How do you suppose living conditions differ between the countries furthest along in the demographic transition compared to the country earliest in the transition? How would living conditions in these two countries affect both birth and death rates? The living condition for countries earlier in the demographic transitions such as health and food supply are improving. Thus better health conditions decrease death rates and more food supply can lead to increasingRead MoreAPHG Unit Test Answers 1172 Words   |  5 Pages1 2 out of 2 points Population geographers define demographic regions as what type of region? Selected Answer: C. formal Question 2 2 out of 2 points The low point of migration to the United States was: Selected Answer: B. 1930s Question 3 2 out of 2 points Select the one remaining country still in Stage 1. Selected Answer: D. none of the above Question 4 2 out of 2 points Read MoreThe Disabilities Of The Americans With Disabilities Act1551 Words   |  7 PagesIn America, almost one in five people live with a disability (US Census Bureau, 2015). There are 6.4 million children between the ages of 3 to 21 that are receiving special education services (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). In Georgia, 23.4% of the population are people under the age of 21 living with a disability (Erickson Schrader, 2014). Bulloch County has a population of 71,214 and of the entire population, 16% of them are living with a disability (Cornell, 2012). Read MorePersuasive Speech : Breastfeeding Infants Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivate my audience by discussing the problems, solutions, and potential outcomes of breastfeeding infants. INTRODUCTION: Attention Step: According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2013 in the state of Georgia, only 6.2% of infants were exclusively breastfeed by the age of 6 months. Establish Need /Relevance: Breastfeeding is beneficial to the infant, the parents, and even the environment. Breastfeeding saves babies’ lives! Establish Credibility: My son is now 10 months old, andRead MoreRapid Population Growth : A Country With The Largest Human Population1378 Words   |  6 PagesTransitions in the developing world have generally produced more rapid population growth rates in mid-transition than historically observed in the North. Two factors account for this very rapid expansion of population in these still largely traditional societies: the spread of medical technology such as immunization and antibiotics after World War II, which led to vastly rapid declines in death rates, and a lag in declines in birth rates. Nigeria is a country with the largest human population inRead MoreDemography and Demographic Transition Phase Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pages* Define demographic transition. * Describe the 4 phases of demographic transition, including if the population is stable, growing, or declining in each.  · * According to demographers, what factors lead to a decline in the crude birth rates (CBR) and crude death rates (CDR) in the epidemiologic and fertility phases of the demographic transition?  · * Briefly describe three living conditions and/or environmental impacts in developed countries that have reached phase IV, and contrastRead MoreFamily Stability within the Hispanic Culture Janiece Cantu Our Lady of the Lake1000 Words   |  4 Pagespeople that consist of two parents and their children. The word is originally from the Latin word Familia, which means household or family. Although this word is known all over the world, it can have a different context to each person. In the United States alone, family can be referred to two adults and their children, a single-parent household, extended relatives, and a structure of more than two parents. Despite how the family structure may look like within a household, it plays a major role inRead MorePersuasive Speech On Immigration1033 Words   |  5 Pages Persuasive Speech Title: Should states be required to educate the children of illegal immigrants? Speaker: Kevon Jones, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University student Specific Purpose: To persuade and influence the beliefs of the audience concerning the educating of undocumented children. I. Introduction/Attention A. Attention getter: Since the beginning of time, The United States has been a nation of immigrants seeking freedom and better economic opportunitiesRead MoreSample Zip Code : Jeffersontown1377 Words   |  6 Pagesclose to the center of Kentucky and is located between Jefferson and Bullitt County. It has a land area of 53.10 square miles and a water area of 0.84 square miles. When compared to state averages, the 40299 community has a higher median household income and median house value, but a lower unemployment percentage and house age. A major factor contributing to the socio-economic standing of the community is that the majority of the working population has a home value of above $149,999. This tells us that

Major Events Of The American Revolution - 1649 Words

When one considers the AMerican Revolution, there is much emphasis placed on the major events of the period. Major battles, major players and major events are at the forefront of the discussions. Names like George Washington, John Adams and George III come into play. Talks are highlighted with governmental proceedings such as the â€Å"Stamp Act† or with tragic events such as the â€Å"Boston Massacre.† While general histories of the American Revolution tell us that the calls for separation from Britain were not universal, relatively little information is given as to the nature of the situation between colonialists of differing opinions. This work is a meager attempt to place a greater emphasis on the differing views of the Patriots who called for†¦show more content†¦Britain’s main policy leading up to the French and Indian War had been a policy of mercantilism. Under mercantilism, Britain promoted whatever policies and procedures would most allow it to build the national treasury. Raw materials from the American colonies were bought at cheap prices and sent to Britain. In Britain, these raw materials would be fashioned into goods which would be sold back to the colonies for a higher profit. As long as this system allowed England to expand its treasury, the American colonists were allowed to pretty much do what they wanted. Relatively little restrictions or regulations were placed on the colonies. Usually when regulations were placed on the colonials, those regulations were in order to protect practices that the colonists had been doing already and greatly benefited British mercantilism. Even restrictions that were placed on the colonists that could have had a negative effect such as the Molasses Act of 1733 were not heavily enforced. But that all changed after the French and Indian War. During the war, Britain had incurred huge amounts of debt to pay for the war effort. This debt played an integral part in many of the policies of the British government in these years, in particularly in regard to the American colonies. Although for years there

50 Interviews Turnbulls First Challenge

Question: Discuss about the Report for 50 Interviews of Turnbulls First Challenge. Answer: Excerpt: In the first interview with Australian Broadcasting Cooperation (ABC), the Prime Minister Mr. Malcolm Turnbull discussed about his new cabinet ministry, election campaign, and liberal party donation (Marszalek, 2016). In the second interview with BBC, the Prime minister shared his political and personal life lessons and said that Australia is a lucky country because of its rich resources (BBC, 2015). Both the interviews are very important for Australian people because they get to know about their prime minister and his views on politics and Australian policies. Main Discussion: The main parts of both the interviews are discussed below. First Interview: In first interview, the journalist was Ms. Leigh Sales. She chooses the Prime minister of Australia Malcolm Turnbull for the interview. By the interview process she wanted to know about his political and leadership skills. Apart from this, she also wanted to know about the policies which he would be going to start. In answers, the Prime minister said that he had won the election and he would fulfill all those promises that he did with the public during the election time. About the policies, he said that his cabinet will be delivered very good economic plan in the budget. It will be for Australian people. The new ministry will be stable and will be delivered a strong economic leadership (ABC, 2016). It was a successful interview taken by Leigh Sales because from the interview, people get to know about the initiations taken by the Prime minister. Second Interview: In second interview, the interview was with famous channel BBC. The journalist was Stephen Sackur who chooses Malcolm Turnbull. By the interview process, the main aim of the journalist to know about the relation between Indonesia and Australia and his views about the Australias policy of human rights responsibilities to ill-equipped third countries. In his answers, the prime minister said that in the past decades, the country had given outstanding performance over other rich economies countries. It is a lucky country because it has rich resources. There is lot of hard work to do with the country. But according to him, Australia did not seem at ease with itself or its Australian neighbors. About the relationship with Indonesia, he said that it is a cordial. He commented that the important thing for government is to focus on the task that is welfare of the public. About the policy, Mr. Turnbull commented that he thought nobody will be comfortable with such policy rela ting to border protection. It was also a successful interview taken by BBC First news channel. From the interview, general public get to know about the relationship of Indonesia and Australia and how much the policy is beneficial for the country (BBC HARDtalk, 2015). Tags: Malcolm Turnbull ABC Leigh Sales Stephen Sackur BBC First By: Leigh Sales, 18 April 2016 Stephen Sackur, 14 September 2015 References: BBC, (2015). Retrieved on 24th August 2016 from https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0449mlp BBC Hardtalk, (2015). Retrieved on 24th August 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6J_z-wKk4s ABC, (2016). Retrieved on 24th August 2016 from https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2016/s4502942.htm Marszalek,J., (2016). Retrieved on 24th August 2016 from https://www.news.com.au/national/federal-election/malcolm-turnbull-defends-himself-against-poor-polling/news-story/15f1dd00ea14c69a497ad7011bfc4f87

The Vikings Essay Research Paper Joseph Johnston free essay sample

The Vikings Essay, Research Paper Joseph Johnston was a Confederate general and American ground forces officer. Johnston was born in Farmville, Va. , on February 3, l807. Johnston was frequently recognized for his defensive abilities but criticized for being excessively cautious. He was frequently hurt and known for his courage in the Seminole and Mexican wars. He was looked down on as an able officer and became the quartermaster general of the ground forces. In April of l86l, Joseph Johnston followed his province into the Confederacy and was appointed a general in the Southern Army. In July he commanded Confederate military personnels at the First Battle of Bull Run. Although he got the triumph, he shared the recognition with his co-worker, General P.G.T. Beauregard. In May l862, Johnston was badly wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines. He spent six months recovering from his hurts. During Johnstons convalescence, a major statement broke out between Johnston and Confederate President Jefferson Davis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vikings Essay Research Paper Joseph Johnston or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The dissagreement was over Johnston? s rank among generals in the ground forces and differences over strate gray and military disposal. In November l862, Johnston took bid of southern forces in Mississippi and Tennessee. Johnston was unable to halt General Grant from taking the triumph over Vicksburg. Public sentiment still wanted Davis to delegate Johnston to command the Army of Tennessee after they suffered terrible lickings in late l863. In l864, Johnston led his ground forces in an attempt to halt General William T. Shermans? s invasion of Georgia. Once once more, Johnstons? personality and his statements with Davis put a crick in his public presentation, and his ground forces bit by bit fell back to Atlanta. On July l7, l864, Johnston was eventually replaced. Johnston was briefly called back by General Robert E.Lee in early l865 to oppose the federal forces in the Carolinas. He surrendered to Sherman on April 26, 17 yearss after Lee surrendered at Appomattox. After the war, Johnston served in the U.S. House of Representatives and as commissioner of U.S. railwaies. Johnston died in Washington, D.C. on March 2l, l89l which was brought on by standing hatless in the rain at the funeral of General Sherman.

US Neutrality essays

US Neutrality essays The United States had realized that war is living hell. If there had been a way to avoid war, the United States tried it. The United States did not enter the war for reasons other than securing national security. The United States tried to stay out of the war but because of conflicts with Germany and Japan, it made the entering of the second worldwide war inevitable. Knowing of the devastation war causes, President Roosevelt told US citizens that US will not enter the war that had been going on in Europe. Roosevelt had declared that the US is a neutral country and had the rights to trade with all countries. The US wanted to hold a good economy and that meant keeping out of the war which always hurts the economy; entering the war earlier than it did would have weakened the economy and would have made it hard for the US maintain its status as a powerful nation. The US had wished to do trade without provoking war with nations so the US set up the Neutrality Acts. The US stopped sending arms to any foreign countries knowing that it would be a natural target for warring countries. The US wanted to be seen as not favoring any countries which included not giving any loans to any belligerent countries or countries that did not repay any previous debts. Countries looked at the US as favoring countries; Germany felt that the US had been threatening them because of the continual trades with other countries so Germany had sunk various ships that involved citizens from the United States. Because of the sinking of ships that had US citizens on it, the US feared it would draw them into the war. The US passed the idea of Cash and Carry, all warring nations needed to pay cash and come to the US to pick up goods that were traded. Germany had sunk ships in Europe that had held US citizens so the prohibition had been passed that had been made to prevent US citizens from traveling on other nations ships in order to keep the US a neutral cou...

Recent Trends In the Historiography of Soviet Russia since 2004 Research Paper

Recent Trends In the Historiography of Soviet Russia since 2004 - Research Paper Example This led to the acceptance of the more extensive anti-soviet traditional western account by a majority of the Russian scholars2. Andrei Sakharov indicates that, currently, the russian historical science is vibrant, dynamic and discussive, and is closely associated with global historiography3. These claims seem to be echoed by Kritika in whose pages several informative articles that have, in the recent past, been published to map the evolving ideological constellation of russian histological publications. Mironov argues that, the wall between historical research done in the cities and that done in provinces is diminishing, and so is the wall between Western and Russian historiograhy. Consequently, a community of Russianists is coming into being. In a brief review of the demographics and communication pathway of these lines of thought, Benedict Anderson writes extensively of the school â€Å"pilgrimages,† which encompass the pathways in education that were pursued by â€Å"nati ves† and â€Å"creoles† during the colonial period that gave rise to the notion of a nation in sites4. It is arguable that Russia has become a colony of the west. However, this is optimised by Minorov’s assertion of a progressively more integrated community. In terms of demographics, there are some advancements in the Russian information systems. However, in the post –Soviet era, the prone networks including the science academies and their branches have been eroded and remained only shells. A majority, in the academies, have taken refuge in tertiary institutions, in which they partake in multiple teaching workloads, as a means of survival. Many individuals, in the academic world, are too busy with multi-tasking thus cannot find time to write academic materials. It is evident that many academic institutions are staffed with scientists of a retiring age. Moreover, not many young people find jobs in the academic field to be alluring. Consequently, many scient ists are reported to be leaving for better jobs abroad. Another crucial topic is the mode of teaching of history in learning institutions. A critical examination indicates that a social history can have a significant effect, basing on its approach and debates as presented to the lay community, in schools through textbooks and may corrupt the public memory5. Catherine Marridale notes a significant lack of interest for historological studies, majorly among the younger generation and continual widening of the gap between lay and scholarly lines of specialization. She, at the same time, argues on the persistence of a discursive field in which Russian tropes maintain dominance. For schools and textbooks, during the perestroika era, there was a great interest in history. This is accompanied by a sharp decline, as people are immersed in a struggle to survive and deal with the woes resulting from drastic impoverishment. However, Prime Minister Mikhail Kasianov rekindled the public interest in 2001, on the mode of teaching of history, through his concern about the quality of the Russian history books6. As a result, the government indulged in a competition aimed at finding the top three text books to be used in schools. Consequently, the new standardized school

Legal Order of European Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legal Order of European Community - Essay Example With these points in mind, let us try to find out to what degree it is justified to view the EC as representing a new legal order, and what aspects of this order are indeed unusual. For this purpose we will overview the history of the European law and legal structures, and then will try to single out those specific qualities of European law that contributed to the emergence of a new legal order within the EC. First of all, we should from the very beginning chart a clear interrelation between the EC law and the European Union (EU) law, which stems from the EU structure according to treaties. The EC is one of the so-called three pillars of the EU and is related to economic and social aspects of the single European market. The remaining two pillars are represented, in accordance with the Treaty of the European Union also known as the Maastricht Treaty, by Internal Security (Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters), and by Common Foreign and Security Policy. In the outlined context, the EC law is contained in the EC Treaty, EC Recommendations, EC Directives, and in the case-law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) (Van Gerven, 2005, pp.12-27). 1 TheThe ECs legal nature was fundamentally influenced by the ECJ, created in 1952, in its two precedent-setting judgements of 1963 and 1964. The first one was the famous Van Gend & Loos case, in which the transport company from Netherlands filed a suit against the states customs because a higher than usual duty was imposed on import of chemical products from Germany. "Van Gend & Loos" company viewed this action as a violation of the twelfth Article of the EEC Treaty (today this is the twenty-fifth Article of the EC Treaty), which banned increases of custom duties or introduction of new ones between Community members. The Dutch court passed this matter to the ECJ and asked for the clarification of the relevant Treaty article. This seemingly minor case instigated the ECJ to formulate some important fundamental principles that contributed to the formation of the legal order of the EC. During the Van Gend & Loos case investigation judges considered the issue of whether individuals also c an appeal to the EEC Treaty articles, and in spite of the opinion of the Advocate General and a number of governments, judges of the Court issued the resolution which stated that the EEC treaty was meant to be something more than only an agreement between states, but rather that it as well was related to all peoples. Thus, according to the logic of the Court, newly established European institutions empowered by sovereign rights affected both member states of the Community and their citizens. The conclusion that followed from these observation was that a new legal order was created in the international law which limited sovereignty of states in some areas for their benefit, and was equally binding for their citizens. 2 Soon, ECJ used Costa/ENEL case to clarify its position in more detail. This case stemmed from the situation when Italy in 1962 nationalised electrical industry and passed the assets to the National Electricity Board (ENEL). Mr Costa, who was a shareholder of one of the nationalised companies, claimed that his dividends were stolen, and refused to pay bill for

Case Study: Hearing And Visual Impairments

Case Study: Hearing And Visual Impairments This document discusses the most prevalent sensory impairments: hearing and visual impairments. The impact caused on academic and individual development are addressed as well as the significant role which educators of these special categories of people can play in the education sector in order to make learning possible. Visual impairment This refers to occurrences of partial or complete vision loss. Milder forms of visual impairment are treatable with glasses or even contact lenses while others require surgery or some medication. Severe cases of visual impairments are irreversible. Types and causes of visual impairment Four categories of visual impairment exist. Partially sighted refer to individuals with some level of difficulty in identifying information and as such special assistance in learning and reading is required. Low vision is a more serious visual impairment which does not permeate reading at normal distances. Supportive tools like the popular use of Braille assist people diagnosed of low vision to read. Legally blind is a vision which is less than 20/200 or characterized by limited range of vision. Totally blind refers to a person with no vision at all thus such individuals cannot process any images. They utilize non-visual resources like Braille in order to learn. Several factors cause blindness in individuals. Congenital blindness occurs at birth due to heredity or infection. Cataracts which are cloudy collections of protein in the eye lens cause light not to pass through the lens leading to the condition. Amblyopia is a condition of the eye which results into blindness due to the bra ins discontinued processing of images present in the misaligned eye. The degeneration of macular situated at the retina of the eye especially in older people results into visual impairment or even loss of vision (Webster Roe, 1998). Hearing impairment The disability Act defines hearing impairment as the limited ability to effectively detect process or differentiate sound. Types and causes Conductive hearing loss is exhibited when sounds are unable to go through the inner ear from the outer ear. This is as a result of blockage of the ear canal caused by build-up of earwax or fluid. Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by the percived damage to the hair cells located at the cochlea or auditory nerve. The damage would occur due to aging or perhaps injuries. Mixed hearing loss is present when the above two hearing loss types are present. Impact of visual and hearing impairments on a persons development Sensory Development A child born with hearing and visual impairment is negatively affected especially in regard to sensory development. This is because other senses appear to diminish. For instance, the child gets inconsistent, unverified as well as discrete fragments of information. Although hearing is usually the only sense available to the blind child, control over the available sound present in their environment is not present. Vision is vital in verifying sounds otherwise lack of verification means that the sound is noise emanating from a non-specified location (Webster Roe, 1998). Motor development A person who is sensory impaired possesses significant developmental delays in the ability to implement the functionality of hands. Even at 5months, a blind childs hands are normally held up in a fist at shoulder height. Mutual fingering as well as midline engagement with the hands common with sighted children of this particular age are not exhibited. Ultimately, delays in hand utilization results in delayed development of fine and gross motor skills. Achieving appropriate posture for the blind child takes considerable a longer duration of time. Developmental achievements requiring self initiated mobility like elevating arms in prone or walking alone are significantly delayed. Passive behavior like self-stimulation is exhibited in blind children due to the inability to move around the environment. Cognitive development The ability to coordinate elements in high levels of abstraction is limited. Thus a different construct of world and reality is developed contrary to that given by sighted persons. A blind person has problems in establishing the concept of defining attributes as well as relationships due to the limited guidance available (Webster Roe, 1998). Though the blind child is continually involved in problem solving, the activity is certainly difficult and less rewarding for her/him. The ability to obtain object permanence is achieved on sound clues only. Blind children achieve this almost a year later than the sighted children. Sensory impaired persons have difficulties in forming and maintaining casual relationships due to the inability to retain pleasurable stimuli. Social development Due to inexistent subtle clues and facial expressions, the social interactions of visually and hearing impaired persons are complicated. While a sighted child will signal attachment and recognition to familiar people through a smile, a blind child will smile upon recognition of his mothers voice after about 2 months. Sensory impaired persons have ambivalent emotional involvement with peers. They also appear non-communicative and disinterested on the on-goings thus they are overprotected or rejected by their peers, relatives as well as strangers. Language development is also limited in sensory impaired children (Webster Roe, 1998). Impact of visual impairments on a persons academic achievement Vision loss impacts negatively a persons academic achievement since special adaptations are required to steer the student to success. Vision is important in understanding the underlying concepts being taught in a classroom situation thus most visually impaired students often complete schooling without good mastery of skills and knowledge which is vital in enabling them further their education or gain employment (Sacks, 2001). Visually impaired students are taught using critical skills like Braille and travel skills like canes. Shortage of mobility specialists as well as qualified visually impaired teachers restricts dissemination of education. Visually impaired persons require the use of large print formats as well as audiotapes to learn. Making presentations from these materials slows down the learning process considerably. Impact of hearing impairments on a persons academic achievement Hearing impairments affect learning and teaching of the hearing impaired students thereby causing substantial difficulties in academic achievement. The deaf learners experience massive linguistic problems owing to the inability to develop spoken language and understandable utterances (Sacks, 2001). Many difficulties are exhibited in written work whereby glaring mistakes are seen in written work. For example wrong sentence structures, omissions of words as well as wrong tense and verb usage is prevalent. Due to the complexity of lip reading, most deaf learners find it difficult to undertake this task. Attributable to lack of hearing as well as auditory memory, hearing impaired learners are unable to adequately rehearse what they are able to write thus learning requires lengthy period. The syntax as well as the grammar of BSL is different from that of spoken English thus confusion arises in the course of disseminating the information. Deaf students take considerable long time to be abl e to read. The developed vocabulary is minimal thus understanding the message being communicated becomes difficult. Unfamiliar words cannot be lip read thus continued advancement of vocabulary becomes difficult. Deaf learners thus require to research on technical jargon as well as the perceived simple and commonplace language in order to effectively communicate. Thus a lot of time is spent in doing simple assignments as compared to the hearing students. Unlike the case of hearing learners who gather information from reading newspapers, discussions with peers or listening and watching television, the deaf students have to rely of their instructors to learn. Thus their written work largely lacks in-depth analysis and is marked by uninformed opinions (Sacks, 2001). Group work and discussions prove problematic to hearing impaired students due to their inability to contribute equally as the other students. What Educators can do In order for the hearing and visually impaired students to adequately fit in the learning situation, teachers and trainers need carefully structure the learning modalities, learning environment as well as putting in place necessary resources (Chen Downing, 2006). Classroom activities need be accessible to the hearing impaired students through incorporating tutorial groups as well as incorporating computer based learning. For the hearing impaired, course notes need be provided in advance so as to acquaint the learners beforehand what is expected of them. Through the use of visual aids like PowerPoint presentations will largely help in proper understanding of the spoken language. For the visually impaired, educators must ensure that all the visual materials given to the students are accompanied by verbal descriptions. Narrations need be emphasized at all learning stages in order to enhance understanding. Learners with some functional vision should be given handouts printed out in large print so as not to have learners strain as they read. Audiotapes as well as Braille formats of the class presentations and lessons should be given to students (Chen Downing, 2006). Conclusion Owing to the several challenges confronting sensory impaired persons, several adjustments need be put in place to ensure such learners adapt adequately to the learning environment. Hearing and visual impairments are quite prevalent and cause severe consequences during the development of language, speech as well as cognitive skills. Through proper education, effects associated with hearing and visual impairments are identified thereby advancing early detection and management strategies.

My Trip to the Philippines :: Philippines Vacation Personal Narrative Essays

My Trip to the Philippines In September 1989, when I was 11 year old, I came to Philippines during my short vacation. My father brought the whole family, also my cousin Jimmy. We spent 5 days in the Philippines. During these five days, I realized that there were many differences between Taiwan and the Philippines. The most difference was culture. People's language, behavior and also they are happy go lucky. The first problem I faced was the language problem. Philippine was ruled by Spanish long time ago. Most of Filipino could speak Spanish. I could not speak their language and also English, so what ever they said I just acted like stupid. I still remembered when I went to Cebu, in the hotel, the waiter came in to ask me something about my room. First, I was shock, then I used Chinese to answer her. The waiter was kind too. She started using Spanish, Japanese, French to answer me, but he never used Chinese. If he used Chinese, then that will be the time for me to reply. I run to my father's room, crying, and telling that someone is in my room and I doesn't know why he was there. After my father solved the problem for me. We were all laughing about it. My father said, "In the Philippines, eating with hands are their culture, you will never see this in Taiwan." In Taiwan, everybody use chopsticks to eat. Nobody will use spoon and folk to eat, because that's a kind of hard. Just like my first time used the spoon and folk. I doesn't know either to use my left hand to hold spoon or use my right hand. People have longer weekend than Taiwan. Both Sunday and Saturday are their weekend. In Taiwan, we can only have Sunday and half Saturday. For adults, they even only have Sunday to rest. That's unfair to adults. They should have longer weekend then kids, because they worked so hard. So, adults most be exhausted after hard work. People are happy go lucky. They wouldn't care much money they earn each day. They wanted to have better life than earning more money. Whenever they got a serious problem, like no place to overnight, they were try to find a place to

Critically Compare the Concepts of Equal Opportunities and Sports Equity in British Sport

Critically compare the concepts of equal opportunities and sports equity in British sport This paper aims to compare the ideas of equal opportunities and sports equity with regard to sport in Britain. Within this structure, there will be particular emphasis on the theoretical approaches that are used to look at equality in British sport. A key part of this comparison is the study of (social) equality; this includes formal, radical and liberal interpretations of equality. The arguments and suggestions will be reinforced and supported by literature and other texts outside of just the sporting context.Many sports historians such as Holt (1989) say that sport, pre 20th Century, was almost private and restricted to the upper class minority. Recreational sports had a complex set of laws (i. e. tennis) this was to restrict participation from the lower classes. Another vestige of the times was the limitation of sport to women; this was not necessarily written law but was accepted none the le ss. Racism in sport was not tackled or even considered until well into the 20th century when the government introduced laws and legislation that banned prejudice based on race.As a consequence of these legalities, many recognised sporting institution in Great Britain have introduced policy and recommendations to deal with the problems of ‘inequality’ within their respective organisations. Nevertheless, as indicated by Guttman’s analysis (1978), continuous development in recent years has slowly begun to break down certain barriers to equality. Should someone wish to investigate further into actual modern equality work they can access a variety of net resources. A quick look at equality policies of the Football Association for example demonstrates that work is being done for the purpose of equality.Guttman (1978) even goes so far to say that in many sports worldwide, participants of any circumstance and environment are encouraged to participate. He also states howe ver that equality in sport and its aims is seen by some as a distant achievement, it remains unrealistic. Guttman’s (1978) study illustrates that as sport entered the 2nd half of the 20th century, systems that control other components of a balanced society would also affect modern sporting institutions in the same way In order to better understand the aim of this paper, a number of key terms need some more clarity. The first term that needs defining is ‘equality’ and more pecifically ‘basic equality’. According to Baker (2004) basic equality is the concept that people have the same worth and are consequently worthy of equal interest and value. Many would argue that certain individuals and groups have earned more respect than other people and therefore inequalities should exist. Maybe what we should be considering is a minimum level of equality, a fundamental idea of equality whereby people all exist at the same point of respect. This would mean putti ng a threshold on what it is to be human. As indicated by Craig and Beedie (2010) the study of equality is an area of fascination to many sporting sociologists.Coakley (2003, p326) states, that this curiosity is established because many believe that sport goes beyond monetary and economic inequalities. A common belief is that sport is available to all; irrelevant of which equality strand someone may fit into (age, race, ethnicity etc). According to Craig and Beedie (2010) some consider the sporting domain a discrimination free arena; where a result is contested on fair grounds and the result goes to those with the most aptitude or skill. Another key term is stratification. This is a way of breaking down the different levels of society based on their sociological group.This helps to highlight the in/equality that is present in sport. A number of actual examples have been highlighted by Craig and Beedie (2010). Examples of these stratification layers include; the system of class forma tion affects the poor, the working class, and the lower/ middle and upper classes, these structures all seem to be highly rigid. The concept of social class is best recognised by using Marxist ideas of capitalism, where the idea of equality is seen in financial terms. Feminism however opposes the theory that ‘class stratification’ is the most important foundation of social inequality.Justifications about the gender distinctions in a sporting context vary from those concentrated on a biological argument to the arguments that place more impetus on the social understanding of gender. There is a repeated and constant emphasis in sport and society on the power of patriarchal arrangements; this too is present in sport. Liberal equality can be a little difficult to decipher in that it accepts basic equality but denies some other aspects of equality. The main principle according to Baker (2005) is that inequality of income and power cannot be alleviated.Equality as a concept pl ays the part of controlling inequalities so that income and power are more fairly distributed. In a way it can be said that liberal equality requires supporting the bare minimum that people are allowed and have access to, whilst controlling the advantage experienced by those that have more. Baker (2005) further states that the main underlying belief of liberal egalitarianism is the upholding and support of the most basic rights that all should have access to. Equal opportunity of course plays a key part in this study. Liberal equality is often used in conjunction with equality of opportunity.This is where groups or individuals have equal access to the opportunity to gain higher representation within their respective circles. It is rooted in the idea that inequalities in power will be ever present. Baker (2004) summarises this sentiment, he claims that the point of equality of opportunity is for everyone to get a fair chance in the sociological struggle, within a society that is uneq ual. Baker (2004) describes equal opportunity as the belief that everyone in society deserves a fair chance to contest over the positions in society that carry the most power.This concept was first used officially in the French Declaration of human rights in 1789. It states that everyone can hold a position â€Å"within their abilities† (French Declaration of the rights of man 1789). These days institutions everywhere boast equality policies and equality laws that make the discrimination based on gender and race in social institutions against the law In support of this, equal opportunity claims that nobody ought to benefit or suffer from their social circumstances; any prosperity and expectation ought to come about due to personal skills and endeavours. Rawls (1971) labels this concept ‘fair equal opportunity’.He believes that education should be used as a vehicle by the lower classes to develop the skills that would put them into a more advantaged situation. Equ al opportunity is unachievable whilst those in positions of power use their influence to achieve hierarchy over others. Liberal equality approaches do not take into account the characteristics of structured inequality. Powerful social stigmas are not dealt with. We can therefore conclude that people’s opinions and beliefs (inequality) cannot change whilst such stigma still exist. Some would argue that this is good in theory but education doesn’t actually function in this way.A different aspect of equal opportunity includes establishing policies and legislation to assist people from minority groups in getting work and schooling/qualifications. Were people from minorities perhaps not supported properly in schools or education institutions then this could be down to them not having ‘equal opportunities’ to progress as the majority do. Baker (2004) appears to believe that the biggest sign of equal opportunity within an organisation is seen in the participation rates. A more comprehensive liberal equality view is that of Rawls (1971).This states that inequalities ought to favour those that need them the most. For those that believe in liberal equality this is not always the final solution however; improvements can be made to a number of factors contributing to equality, including: education, sport, the economy etc. A fine-tuning to these frameworks rather than completely overturning them is often the preferred way to achieve to equality. In order to understand liberal equality properly however, something to compare it to is required. Radical approaches to equality oppose the liberal view of equal opportunity.It maintains that in order to eradicate inequality much larger steps should be taken. Inequalities should not just simply be dealt with after recognition. â€Å"The key to this much more ambitious agenda is to recognise that inequality is rooted in changing and changeable social structures, and particularly in structures of dominatio n and oppression. These structures create, and continually reproduce, the inequalities which liberal egalitarianism sees as inevitable. † (Baker 2004, 18) This handsomely describes the way in which radical equality aims to eliminate equality compared to the liberal view.As oppose to the liberal view of concentrating on the power distribution allocated to individuals, the radical view allows for advantage to more than just individuals, but groups. On the contrary to liberal ideas of how power is allocated, the radical approach attempts find answers in the social connection between related parties. Another trend of the liberal approach is to reward individuals with their own triumphs and indeed failures. The radical approach on the other hand tends to attribute these triumphs and failures to larger social occurrences.As indicated by Baker (2004) many argue that the liberal approach to equality differs from that of equality of outcome. However, the radical approach, as does the l iberal approach encourages choice as the final outcome. There is no reason that both approaches to equality cannot allow for choice. In order to summarise the above comments â€Å"basic egalitarianism tends to concentrate on subsistence needs, liberal egalitarianism on the idea of a decent standard of living and radical egalitarianism on what people need for a full human life† (Baker 2004, 19) In order to fully understand this task, we must also look at the origins of sport in the UK.During the late 1800s (Victorian period) Great britain went through a major reform, this is commonly known as the ‘Industrial revolution’. It was driven by invention, engineering breakthroughs and class restructuring. A movement from farming and agriculture towards Industrial urban based work meant that labourers moved from the countryside to the city. This mass movement of workers into factories allowed the newly middle class employers considerate control over the workforce and the opportunity to influence the way workers should spend their leisure time.Throughout this era of reform, sport was still however considered an activity of the higher classes. The control exerted over the masses encouraged employees and workers into a different way to spend their leisure time. Structure in recreation became encouraged. According to Townson (1997) this became the norm as the middle classes had fears that the increasingly large urban population may become unruly. The idea of ‘rational recreation’ became the name of this notion. Over the years the bourgeoisie anticipated discomfort among the working class.Towards the end of the 19th century in Great Britain the concept of ‘Muscular Christianity’ (Holt 1989) was established in order to distract the masses from want to reform (Holt 1989) â€Å"The very idea of a play discipline would have seemed absurd, yet this is what a growing band of bourgeois idealists advocated during the second half of the century† (Townson 1997). Sport and recreation had been introduced by the bourgeoisie. This helped maintain a healthy labour force and diverted masses away from ‘urban radicalism’.It was during this time that the upper classes and more advantaged started to consider the importance of fairness through reform and education. While sport for the masses still took on a rational recreation edge, sport was undergoing a period of change. A combination of factors leading to this change included an emphasis on health through exercise (due in part to inferior performances from the British forces in South Africa) and an increasing emphasis on professionalism. Sports clubs and facilities were made available by middle class.Key factors that occurred during the Victorian period according to Davis (2000): †¢An ethical code produced by the bourgeoisie became associated with sport †¢Realisation of fair-play (introduction of rules and equal conditions) †¢Freedom at we ekends gave people more time for recreation. †¢Sport in education was limited to gym and discipline The second notable phase in british sport history swaying further towards equality was the establisment of the Wolfenden report of 1960. This was written for the Central Council of Physical Recreation by an autonomous group of individuals to determine the state of sport in the UK.According to Rous (1960) it was published to demonstrate the inequalities and problems that existed in UK sport in comparison with its peer countries. After the publication of the wolfenden report the government took yet a further step towards a more interventionist approach by establishing the GB sports council in 1972. Collins (2003) claims that this was an important step for the government, as it allowed authorities to make social and welfare provision for public sport After new labour came to power in 1997, sport was given a new social status.The organisation of UK sport structure at the time was con sidered an obstacle to governments recently set out aims: †¢Increased youth participation †¢Increased succes in elite sport This quote taken from Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) demonstrates the awareness that some had of the state of sport within the UK â€Å"There is a need for a radical rethink of the way we fund and organize sport, we offer a modernizing partnership with the governing bodies of sport† (DCMS 2000 p19).In the same review they also threaten Governing Bodies within sport with withdrawal of funding should they not meet required governmental targets. The 3rd and perhaps most important stage of movements towards equality came in the shape of sporting equity. Sport England (2000) very broadly defines sports equity as fairness in sport. According to Sport England (2000) sports equity is in place to make sport more accessible to everyone period. It is a concept larger than sports equality and all strands of equality are made irrelevant. Equi ty: In its simplest sense, ‘fairness’; the process of allocating (or reallocating) resources and entitlements, including power, fairly and without discrimination. It may also use positive action initiatives and measures to address existing inequities. † (Sport England 2000 p39) As already stated inequalities date back to the beginnings of sport, in some ways they were institutionalised (Sport England 2000). After all the development in sport however, cases of inequality do still exist. Even in todays modern society there are still only a handful of for example; ethnic minority ‘power’ in sport.Coaches seem to remain white, middle class. However, these inequalities are now recognised and agencies are putting in structures to improve the situation for these inequalities â€Å"Sport England is committed to supporting governing bodies in their quest to overcome inequality in sport† (Sport England 2000, p3). Equity in sport came around relatively la te. A number of thngs happened which really pushed the equity movement forward. Equity issues came under the spotlight during the Macpherson Report and the stephen Lawrence inquiry.Both of these highlighted the extent of discrimination still present in society. Sporting campaigns and government iniatives have pushed for further equity in sport and according to Sport England (2000) but have committed to further action in the future. â€Å"It cannot be assumed that any sport is open and accessible to all members of the community† (Sport England 2000, p4). Even the sport england equity page recognises that more needs to be done to secure access to sport for all. Further policy will be encouraged and implemented. Society is changing and the existence of organisations, societies or clubs that exclude large sectors of the population from their activities, whether directly or indirectly, is viewed as anachronistic and increasingly unacceptable†. (Sport England 2000, p3). This quote demonstrates that the government is aware of the mass change in stance towards inequality. Despite the emergence of sports equity policies and propositions; inequalities still exist in sport. This can be seen in the recent Luis Suarez racism case and the John Terry racism case. These examples demonstrate that equality exists at the highest level.Equality work needs further development, much in the same way sports equity has developed. References †¢Baker, J. ; Lynch, K. ; Cantillon, S. ; and Walsh, J. (2004) Equality: from Theory to Action London: Palgrave. †¢Coakley, J (2003) Sports in Society: Issues and controversies. New York: Mcgraw-Hill †¢Collins, M. F. with Kay, T. (2003). Sport and social exclusion. London: Routledge. †¢Craig P and Paul Beadie (2010) Sport Sociology. 2nd Edition. Active Learning in Sport †¢Davis, B. et al. (2000) Physical Education and the Study of Sport. UK: Harcourt Publishers Ltd †¢Department for Culture, Media and Sport . (2001a).Elite Sport Funding Review (chair, J. Cunningham). London: DCMS. †¢Guttman, A (1978) From ritual to record. New York. Columbia press †¢Holt R. (1989) Sport and the British: A Modern History. Oxford: Clarendon †¢Rawls, J. A. (1971) A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press †¢Sport and the community : the report of the Wolfenden Committee on Sport 1960 †¢Sport England, June (2000). Governing Body Resource Pack. Planning for sport. Factfiles: Sports equity †¢Stanley Rous. Chairman, Executive committee, C. C. P. R. 1960 †¢Nigel Townson 1997 The British at Play – a social history of British sport from 1600 to the present

Definition Essay - What is Wisdom - 579 Words

What is Wisdom? If one asks the majority of people what the word wisdom means, most will answer vaguely that it is the knowledge gained during a lifetime. However, wisdom is much more than just knowledge gained; it signifies the accumulation of knowledge, the application of learning, and the personification of Gods will in the creation of the universe (according to the American Heritage Dictionary, 6th ed.). The abstract nature of the word wisdom allows for broad interpretation of its context. To limit the vagueness of the definition, many interpret wisdom as the accumulation of knowledge. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena was known for her wisdom. Additionally, the personification of animals as possessing wisdom†¦show more content†¦Just as the accumulation of knowledge is a part of wisdom, so is the application of learning. The ancient Greeks believed that logos, or reason and thought, led to sophia, or wisdom. These early lovers of wisdom, or philosophers, sought knowledge and attempted to apply it to solving the puzzles of the universe. Further, philosophers such as Aristotle believed that wisdom was necessary to make judgments which coincide with ones understanding of life. This view, also known as Philosophical Wisdom, is thought to be one of the highest attainable virtues. The Stoics, Greek and Roman philosophers, also had their own ideas about wisdom. To them, not only is wisdom a way of attaining human excellence, it also serves as a way to act according to ones personal ideals. Because attaining wisdom places the philosopher in an enlightened Nirvana-like state, however, it occasionally creates conflict for the individual having to deal with a dog-eat-dog existence. In order to release the enlightened mans tortured mind, therefore, Stoics believed suicide was permissible to relieve the pain of existence. The way to true happiness, Stoics believed, was to want what one gets rather than trying to get what one wants. Finally, wisdom can also explain Gods will in the creation of the universe. The idea of a God who created the heavensShow MoreRelatedEnglish Chapter 3 Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 101 Page 106 What did the writer say and what do you think? (1-3) 1.) No, I do not think any of Fulford’s examples of Movie Wisdom strikes me as inaccurate. Its because most of his examples were all on point and he explained how movies are predictable once you have a little in following the plots of different types of movies. 2.) He includes an anecdote, in an essay that shows how movies get it wrong, because he wants to tell the readers that people believe what they see and hear. ItsRead MoreThe Qualities Of Becoming Wise Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesWisdom. Becoming wise is something many people strive for and by definition being wise or having wisdom is the result of a few characteristics such as; â€Å"the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment.† This is very true and the aspects of becoming wise/showing signs of having the traits of wisdom is seen here in this definition, yet, only somewhat, in other words it’s incomplete. I disagree with the definition of wisdom and what it is, and I will prove why being wise, showing wisdomRead MoreA Critical and Rhetorical Analysis of William Cronons Only Connect.1712 Words   |  7 Pagesof Cronons Only Connect. While the term liberal education is heard from the most prestigious university to an inner city community college, the phrase itself has a hazy definition at best. While educators across America struggle with the definition of the phrase, William Cronon uses purpose, structure, and appeals in his essay Only Connect: The Goals of Liberal education, to define a liberally educated being and the characteristics that such an education should impart. Cronon capitalizes on inductiveRead MoreUnit Three Essay. What Is Leadership? How Does Society1506 Words   |  7 PagesUnit Three Essay What is leadership? How does society define as good and bad leaders? What are the traits most embodied by the successful leaders? These questions, along with many other, have been the topic of debate for centuries. Defining leadership in hard terms can be a challenging thing. In one hand, soldiers in the Army, for instance, can recite the definition of a leadership that came out of a publication. On the contrary, most soldiers will struggle to define what leadership means to themRead MoreNietzsche : Genealogy Of Morals854 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are morals? Are they a certain thing that have to be done or a thing that is learned? Are they going to be something that we use in good or bad times? According to the dictionary morals is defined as relating to, or concerned with the principles or rules of right conduct or the distinction between right and wrong. Simply this means that your right of conduct is ethical. It is also stated that morals are founded on the fundamental principl es of right conduct rather than legalities or custom.Read MoreOedipus And Aristotle s Definition Of A Tragic Hero1466 Words   |  6 PagesDrama Outline and Thesis Statement Prompt 1: Write an essay explaining how Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies or refutes Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Thesis Statement: Oedipus is the personification of Aristotle’s characterization of a tragic hero through his ability to maintain and keep his virtue and wisdom, despite his shortcomings and situation in life. Introduction I. Tragic Hero A. Definition of a tragic hero B. Oedipus’ Character II. Tragedy A. Language of Tragedy B. TragedyRead MoreIntro to Philosophy955 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Philosophy Essay There are many reasons one should study philosophy. The study of philosophy can ultimately change the way a person lives and unlock some deep questions about the meaning of their life. Questions you ask yourself such as why you are doing the things you are doing or where your life is heading or what you want to become in life can be answered throughout the study of a philosophy course. Understanding philosophy is the key in motivating us as individuals to exploreRead MoreArticle Review : Letter From The 982 Words   |  4 PagesErica Mesa Professor Scotland-Stewart Philosophy 230 10 October 2016 Essay 1 In his work, â€Å"Letter to Menoeceus†, Epicurus provides perspective on how to reach fulfilled human nature. He argues that pleasure is constantly sought after, but in order to reach fulfilled human nature and maximum pleasure, freedom from pain must be achieved. This can only be done by knowing which actions will give the most amount of pleasure, with negligible and minimal amounts of pain. In opposition to Epicurus’ argumentRead MoreThe Old Testament Of The Holy Bible Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesHebrew wisdom. I find Proverbs and Ecclesiastes to lend much instruction to the subject of diligence and laziness. The Hebrew teaching is quick to point out that diligence leads to wisdom and laziness is folly. Choices in life and sinful behavior ends up in disastrous circumstances. In the essence of (The Essence of the Old Testament) Hebrew wisdom literature teaches us how to make good decisions in life, but also how to make godly decisions. This essay will explore how the Hebrew wisdom teachesRead MoreImmanuel Kant and The Enlightenment Era1077 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay writing â€Å"What is Enlightenment?† Immanuel Kant defines enlightenment as â€Å"man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity† (Kant, 1). In order for us to completely understand this definition, we must first understand what Kant meant by â€Å"Immaturity†. In the writing Kant defines immaturity as â€Å"the inability to use one’s understanding without the guidance from another†(Kant, 1). Furthermore, Kant believes that this immaturity is self-imposed, and that it is the individual’s fault for lacking