The Harrapan Civilization Essay -- essays papers

The Harrapan Civilization The Indus Valley, or Harrapan, civilization was discovered in 1920-21 when engraved seals were discovered near present-day Sahiwal in Pakistani Punjab at a place called Harappa. Excavations at Mohenjodaro in Sind discovered the buried remains of a civilization with a pictographic script. The Harappans first settled sites along the Indus River. This civilization extended to the Yamuna along the bed of the river Ghaggar in Rajhastan, Gujrat and up to the mouths of the rivers Narbada and Tapati. The Harappan culture extended from the Indus Valley through northeastern Afghanistan, on into Turkestan. Most of the major sites of this civilization are in Pakistan. In fact it is in Pakistan that an earlier phase of it has also been unearthed. This happened between 1955-57 when a Pakistani archaeologist, F.A.Khan, discovered a town of the pre-Indus period 3300 to 2800 BC at Kot Diji in Khairpur, Sind. Such sites were also discovered by Rafique Mughal in Bahawalpur, in the Cholistan desert, extending the area of this culture to the whole of southern Pakistan. The first appearance of this civilization was the early Harappan/Ravi Phase. This Ravi Phase, named after the nearby Ravi River, lasted from approximately 3300 BC, or even 3500 BC, to 2800 BC. This phase is related to the Hakra Phase, identified in the Ghaggar-Hakra river valley to the west, and predates the Kot Diji Phase (2800 -2600 BC), named after a site in northern Sindh near Mohenjo-daro. I...

A Sorrowful Woman

Gail Godwin beckons a woman to know herself as a woman and not as mere in a relation to other in her much thought provoking story, â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman†.Michael Meyer said that, † Goodwin selects several key events that e place over a period of year to show us the slow decline of the Woman in her role as wife and mother.†(geocities.com, online).Marriage calls upon woman to obey and serve as a traditional good wife and mother but at the cost of her individuality, which made our protagonist to take life on a very pessimist note. We find woman in a â€Å"Sorrowful Woman† as totally tired of her relationship as a mother, a wife and of her life. Godwin says,   â€Å"The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did not want to ever see them again† (Gail, 35).This story was initially titles â€Å"Sorrowful Mother†, as whose obsession of motherhood was putting question on her individuality. But it is not a story of only mother but the question o f independent identity and individuality of all women. This dilemma brought them onto the verge of depression and ultimately their downfall. Therefore it is not the Sorrowful mother but A Sorrowful Woman.WORKS CITED Godwin, Gail. â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† in Dream Children. Ballantine Books, 1996. Micheal Meyer, A Plot, Sorrowful Woman, Online, 22th May 2008 Available at http://www.geocities.com/davidjohntoth/102/plot.html  

Econometrics

People management at the Seafood Restaurant, Potato's. Background From a humble beginning, Rick and Jill Stein established a small seafood restaurant on the harbor side in Potato's in 1975. The business has expanded to include a number of different food establishments at different price points which appeal to a wide client group, with all but one of the sites based in Potato's.The reputation of the business for quality of food and service, coupled with Rick's high profile TV appearances, have ensured Patriots place on the map in respect of ‘destination inning. Culture Rick and Jill remain at the head of the business and, with no external shareholders, retain a strong, personal position in terms of the culture and development of the business. More recently, their son Jack who is only 33 has been appointed as Executive Chef.As with many owner-led organizations, the culture of the organization continues to reflect the tolerant, generous, family-spirited ethos of the initial, much smaller business. With expansion and increasing headcount, this culture can however become tested and more challenging to maintain. There is a deed to develop some policies in order to ensure a degree of consistency in how people are managed and set out the behaviors that are expected from employees of all levels in the course of their work. This needs to be achieved in such a way that the culture of the business is retained.Staffing needs and employee constituent Staffing needs reflect the seasonal peaks and troughs of the restaurant business: in the busy season, weekly takings will be six times takings in the quieter season. Headcount needs to rise and fall accordingly. The seasonal maximum headcount is just under 400 employees, with a requirement around 100 less employees out of season. This reduction is achieved through ‘natural wastage' as many of the seasonal employees are either students or non-students who return year on year to the business also specifically to work i n the busy season.Therefore, whilst 1 50 leavers per annum appears at first to be very high level of staff turnover, this is typical for the hospitality industry and very much fits the needs of those workers who Join, leave, and often return the following year. Reflecting the high numbers of students who ark seasonally, the age profile of the business is young: 40% of employees are under 24 years of age. The growth of the business has meant that, for those who Join initially as seasonal workers and then express an interest in a longer-term role with the business, this is often possible.The business is able to recruit new employees as required without the use of recruitment agencies thereby avoiding costly agency fees. The business remained highly profitable through the recession however a number of cost factors led to a reduced profit forecast for 2012: these included capital investment, a programmer of upgrading premises and food and fuel inflation. Additionally, the payroll of the business had increased over time to reflect the growth of the business. In effect, it appears there was no development plan per SE.Rick Stein is quoted as saying: Little did Jill and I know when we opened a small seafood bistro on the harbor side in Potato's in 1975 with red checked tablecloths and candles in verdict bottles that the business would grow into four restaurants, 40 bedrooms, 3 shops, a cookery school and a pub. We did not have a Master plan. It Just happened†¦ E Just wanted people to stay here for a little while knowing they could eat differently everyday†¦ Despite the unstructured approach to business development plans, turnover among permanent staff is low, and the owners are keen to reward employees with a yearly increment.As passing on the increased costs to customers would have been counterproductive, the logical approach was to consider operational costs and to rethink staffing. In many organizations, this would involve potential redundancies. Rick and Jill did not want to make any employee redundant, and so the HRS function et about considering other approaches to making reductions in payroll expenditure. Location and community Relations with the local, close-knit community are very important to the business which is a major employer in the area.Further expansion could include opening restaurants in other locations: this would bring a fresh set of challenges to the business, not least in respect of people management. Additional information: 1 . Organizational structure 2. Map of Potato's showing names and locations of Rick and Jill Stein's businesses Task; For each question below, you should show that you have considered theoretical respective, legal requirements, commercial needs and potential responses from the workforce to come up with balanced solutions and demonstrate that you are aware of any associated risks. Assignment questions: 1 .Identify the current strategic approach to managing people in this organization taking in to account advantages and disadvantages. Your answer should include a discussion of how this strategic approach is likely to impact on operational people management issues (for example, recruitment, performance management, staff benefits, absence management, discipline and grievance). If any changes are squired, which approach would you recommend? 2. With the expansion of the business, it has been prudent to consider the development of some policies in order to ensure a degree of consistency in how 2. Which people management policy would you recommend is implemented as the highest priority in the business? 2. 2 Justify your recommendation. 2. 3 Outline the aims and key elements of the policy. 2. 4 Discuss how you would implement this policy: consider how you would ensure managers and employees ‘buy in' to the policy and identify any potential resistance. 3. At the Seafood Restaurant, Rick and Jill did not want to make any employee attendant, and so the HRS function set about c onsidering other approaches to making reductions in payroll expenditure. . 1 Discuss the benefits to the business of avoiding redundancies. 3. 2 Discuss the possible approaches to reducing payroll expenditure; consider the merits and drawbacks of each approach and identify which you would recommend. 4. Potato's has been home to the Seafood Restaurant for a considerable length of time and expansion has occurred within the locality. If the business were to expand to another location, what would be the people management considerations in respect of: 4. Recruitment 4. 2 Employee communication 4. Consistency of culture across the business Assignment 1: Assessment Criteria Criteria Excellent Very good Could be better Marks available Theoretical knowledge and critical understanding 30 Evidence of a critical understanding of relevant theories, models and frameworks that inform the situation described by the case study Demonstrates clear understanding of key arguments, debates and contempora ry issues/ideas relating to people management Work is informed by clear reference to appropriate literature Application of theoretical knowledge/research to practicePerspectives, arguments, models and frameworks from the literature are clearly applied to the case study scenario Issues of practical and, where relevant, strategic importance for the organization are clearly identified and addressed Practices described in the case study are critically analyses and evaluated through the use and application of relevant academic literature Written Communication and Presentation Referencing/citations follow Harvard protocol Work is written clearly, using appropriate style and language Spelling, grammar and layout are to a professional standardMaterial is clearly and effectively organized to provide a highly structured, logical and coherent set of arguments Conclusions and recommendations follow logically and are realistic in the context of the scenario Format requirements Please see below A SSIGNMENT 2: REFLECTIVE JOURNAL Individual reflective Journal (30%): You must also produce an individual personal and reflective Journal, which demonstrates that you understand the role and value of reflection for individual development. You should also consider what you have learned on the module, and how it builds on your previous knowledge and experience.You must demonstrate through your reflections how and what you are learning on the module, and reflect on how your skills, ideas and attitudes to people management are developing. This will include identifying any gaps in your existing knowledge or skills and how you plan to work to develop them. You will be encouraged to reflect on a weekly basis and to produce regular entries in your journal enabling you to build this assignment as the module progresses. Your completed Journal is likely to be approximately 1500 words in length.Task You are required to reflect on the learning on this module and produce a Journal. This should be written in report format critically reflecting on what you have learnt and identifying areas of development. Details Final report- word Count: 1 500 words (minus daily logs). The deadlines- see above: This is an individual assignment. Your work should contain: 1 . A clear introduction, introducing the report and your ideas about people management, with a brief comment on your knowledge and skills in relation to this. 2. A brief discussion of your skills at the beginning of the module to include: a.Your views of your own strengths and weaknesses as a potential manager working with people. B. How you will use your opportunities to minimize/overcome weaknesses and potential threats c. Remember to identify development areas. 3. You need to have a section on what you learnt from the module in terms of skills/ knowledge and perhaps how yourself concept has been challenged as a result of participating in activities on the module. A. In addition, you will need to identify consequences of yo ur learning for the future. B. What does this learning mean for your career development? Has it got any relevance? . Evidence of action planning for future development. An indication of short/ tedium/long-term development plan is essential. It is important that you also comment on how you will work on your weaknesses and your measures of success. 5. Regular entries reflecting on your learning on the module. You should aim to reflect on each day/ on a daily basis, either on the Lecture content or seminar activities, and need to have at least 8 in addition to your introduction and conclusion (Weekly Reflective logs must be put in the appendices as evidence to support contents of your report). 6.A complete list of references used Assignment 2: Assessment Criteria Assessment Criteria: DOD Missing Demonstration of your ability to use reflective writing to: 1. Create a focus for your learning 2. Describe and evaluate your learning 3. Make sense of your learning experiences 4. Demonstrate an understanding of the value of reflection Applying your learning 1 . Identify consequences of your learning for the future 2. Application of learning experiences to your personal/professional development 3. Evidence of action planning for future development Structure and presentation 20 1 .

Fido Essays - Animal Welfare, Dogs, Dog Licence, Dog, Bo, Dog Park

Fido Essays - Animal Welfare, Dogs, Dog Licence, Dog, Bo, Dog Park Fido I think the selling of all those dogs' licensees is great it?s a great sign of people who have decided to take on a new member to their family. I think all the licenses sold will increase I just hope all the people that are getting dogs are doing for Love and not fighting. The license program also paid for a one time deal was people could get there dogs Fixed for free or semi free throw the sale of Dog licenses But like every thing else it fell throw. The state said they have a new law witch reconstituted this law. I think this would be great as for it will control the rising level of animals that are being left out in the weather and give people a sense of mind that if they leave there dog out side for the day that 6-8 weeks there wont be a little spares in the Dogs bed Called Puppies. The increase in sales does show more caring and responsible owners are up and coming a may be soon their wont be a need for pounds to control unwanted animals. I hope that there will be more wide spread sales as forth this is a good sign that the Dogs are being (loved) by someone, somewhere, somehow. I also think that there should be a fee that owes should pay once every two or three years called save a friend where a $20 $50 donation is required of course some people should be exempted (Older People) from this fee as forth they are scraping by as it is and This Fee is to help people like them pay for the medical bills of the Dogs. This System I believe would help there Older members get my animals an not have to worry about the paying the doctors bill as forth it?s paid for. I also think that veterinarians should be required to donate so many hours of service to practice this skill in Conn. as forth this will also help Pets and there owners. One problem with modern Dog owner is the fact that they think once they get the licensees now they think that they have to bring the Dog every time something minor goes on and there aff! irmed to pay the doctors bill. This people don?t realize that program like this not only controls the animal but helps the owner and fellow Dog owners as forth the money they pay will go into free aid for this animals and come back in some retribution to the owner. The real Dog owners don?t worry about the medical Bills the cost of Dog food ,etc. all?s worry about is how is Fido. This is my view of the Dog licenses

Free sample - Education is not a Fundamental. translation missing

Education is not a Fundamental. Education is not a FundamentalThe   federal constitution of the united states of America doesn’t give a right to free Education to its citizens. This right is found in the constitutions of the various states. The states have put provisions in their constitution which   guarantee   free Education through the twelfth grade (Armor, 1995). This provision is popularly referred to as the Education article. This is evidenced in the ruling of the   case San   Antonio Independent School   District v Rodriguez , 411 U.S. 1 in the year 1973. In this case, the united sates supreme court reversed a Texas three - judge District court. In a case instigated in the federal district court for the western District of Texas , where   members of a group called the Edgewood Concerned Parent Association representing   their children   sued several school Districts such as San Antonio,   the judge contented that Education was a fundamental right. The verdict said that Education wa s a fundamental right and therefore discouraged discrimination on the bases of poverty. The parents had claims that the District of Edgewood was poor with a low tax base as compared to other Districts ( Armor, 1995). The case advanced through the legal system up to the supreme court but now with the Texas state as the defendant. The case reached the Supreme court in 1972 with a new set of judges being appointed to listen to it. Justice Lewis Powell actually acted as the swing vote in the case (Armor, 1995). The Verdict in part stated that Education was neither explicitly nor implicitly protected in the constitution and that the state of Texas which was the defendant in the case had failed to create a suspect class related to poverty. The court therefore held that Education was not a fundamental right under the U.S. constitution and therefore leaving it upon the states to determine all matters pertaining Education in their areas of jurisdiction. The supreme court also doesn’t explicitly empower congress to legislate on the subject of Education. This means that most federal education legislation falls under the spending clause of the constitution. This is a clause which empowers congress to tax as well as spend for the general welfare. The constitution however gives stipulations as far as the provision is concerned. It requires   that the provision has to be consistent with other constitutional rights provided by the federal government. These include the fourteenth Amendment’s right to protection under the law and the first Amendments right to the free exercise of, as well as the non establishment of a religion. Through this stipulation, the federal government   ensures a provision free of racial segregation and other forms of discrimination. Reference   Armor, D. (1995). Forced Justice : School Desegregation and the Law. New York : Oxford University Press.

Destination Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Destination Development - Essay Example TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4 2. Emergence of Destination Development 4 3. Concepts & Approaches 5 a. Stage of Development 6 b. Approach to Destination Management 7 c. System of Governance 7 d. Research Undertakings/Application of Research 8 e. Tourism Policy & Planning 9 f. Stakeholders 9 g. Forms of Tourism 10 h. Application of Sustainability Indicators 11 i. Competition And Collaboration 12 j. Destination Marketing 12 k. Tourism Trends 12 4. Findings 13 5. Conclusion 13 6. References 15 1. Introduction The recent surveys by the tourism department of France have clarified the fact that Paris is one of the most preferred travel destinations in the world. The city receives about 27 million visitors every year. Among them 17 million are international visitors. If the visitors in the surrounding regions are included then the number would read 44 million (Staab et al, 2002). There are about 3800 historical monuments in Paris and the surrounding areas along with four UNESCO World H eritage Sites. Furthermore, there are several famous attractions available in Paris, which include Eiffel Tower, Champs-Elysees, Notre Dame de Paris, the Louvre, Basilique du Sacre-C?ur, Pompidou Centre, Arc de Triomphe and Musee d'Orsay. In Paris, many forms of public transportation are available, which include metro, bus and boats (Heath, 2002). Though there is evidence of Paris receiving the lowest level of rainfall in France, there are chances that tourists can experience some unexpected rainfall throughout the year. Hence, it’s evident that destination development pertaining to Paris will go a long way in making Paris even more tourist-friendly and popular in the coming years. 2. Emergence of Destination Development It is not possible for a destination to promote experiences and products that are not available. Destination development is a continuous process in which development and coordination of products, services, facilities and amenities take place (Poon, 1993). The continuous development helps enhancing the quality of experience of the tourists and visitors. Destination development is an important process in order to implement tourism management. In this process, the destination managers and stakeholders play an important role in prioritizing the strategies and plans which were developed during the destination planning process. It is important to inform the destination development process by the process of situation analysis and in the process planning phase (Crouch & Ritchie, 1999). The destination performance process needs to be monitored against the KPI’s that are clearly depicted and the tourism industry in Paris also follows the same (Staab et al, 2002). Beech and Chadwick (2006, p. 23) state ‘An important factor to take into account is the spatial dimensions of tourism. Any basic understanding of tourism shows a requirement for travel and, hence, consumption away from home where goods and services are usually purchased and used. Leiper’s (1979) landmark work usefully explains this difference by proposing three different ‘geographies’ or spatial components: (i) tourism in the generating or home region of the traveler; (ii) tourism at the destination region; and (iii) the transit routes – the ‘area’ or supply of travel and transport facilities between the two regions. While all three are naturally highly interconnected in terms of an individual’s trip, each of these ‘

Agree1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Agree1 - Essay Example Most of the learning for a nurse about such situations and the decisions they entail takes place only on the job. The profession of nursing is very challenging and demanding emotionally, psychologically, and often physically also because a nurse is faced with new types of situations every day. Nurses frequently need to refer to the nursing code of ethics to make informed decisions in all the different sorts of situations. The choices and decisions nurses make can make or take someone’s life, so it is critically important that nurses stay updated on the nursing code of ethics and try to memorize it as much as they can. The ethical environment of a workplace is shaped by the challenges faced therein every day (American Nurses Association, 2010). So nurses should listen to the opinions and suggestions of the patients and their family members, but try to convince them with better alternatives based on their knowledge of the nursing code of